Infantry is the primary combat arm of the Australian Army. The role of the Infantry is to seek out and close with the enemy, to kill or capture him, to seize or hold ground and repel attack, by day or night, regardless of season, weather or terrain. To carry out this role the Royal Australian Infantry Corps (RAInf) relies heavily on the skilled application of tactics, effective teamwork and cooperation with other corps.

Infantry soldiers are armed with a variety of weapons including, but not limited to, the F88 AUSTEYR, the 40mm Grenade Launcher Attachment, the MAG 58 General Support Machine Gun and the F89 Minimi Light Support Weapon. The Infantry is also equipped with heavy weapons such as the 81mm Mortar, the Javelin Direct Fire Guided Weapon and the Carl Gustav 84mmm MDFSW. The Infantry soldier utilises the latest in surveillance and observation technology to aid him in seeking out and closing with the enemy.

The RAInf Corps includes light (airmobile), mechanised, motorised and parachute battalions, as well as Regional Force Surveillance Units (RFSU).