The role of the Royal Regiment of Australian Artillery, commonly known as The Royal Australian Artillery (RAA), is to maximise the combat power of the Australian Defence Force through offensive support coordination and indirect firepower, surveillance and target acquisition, and ground-based air defence.

Artillery influences the battlefield by providing indirect fire support, systematic surveillance, accurate target acquisition and subsequent destruction. It defeats or weakens enemy combat power, utilising:

• towed and self-propelled 155 millimetre artillery
• precision strike capability using High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS)
• NASAMs missile systems and PSTAR extended-range radars
• weapon-locating radars, ground-surveillance detachments and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

On 19 September 1962, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II granted the title of the Royal Regiment of Australian Artillery.